Base indispensable du bien parlé. C'est lui qui donne le rythme la cadence.

On peut donc marquer l'accent tonique de deux manières : Soit en "tapant'' sur la voyelle, soit en étirant sa durée.

NB; le petit trait indique l'endroit où il faut marquer l'accent tonique. (Parfois vous trouverez un lien audio pour la prononciation...)

Voici un lien pour un dictionnaire "parlant". Tapez votre mot ou phrase dans la fenêtre de recherche et boom! (En plus vous avez toute une liste de mots similaires.)  http://www.howjsay.com/ 

 

Secretary Receives  Visitor  Appointment Unfortunately  Suppose    Attending    Assistant   Discuss    Postponed    Supplier    Certainly   Definite    Private   Manager  Furniture  Arranged   Correct Cancel   Previous   Successful   Applicant  European  Perspiration  Basic  Candidates  Responsibility  Excellent  Contributor  Career Inspector  Advertise  Honesty   Technically  Cosmetics  Thoroughly  Consider  Interview  Sincerely  Demonstrator  Personal  Dossier  Adequate  To Organize  To assign  Area   Period  To manufacture  Utensils  Considering   Developing   Automatically    Attitudes   Regularly   Urban Equipped  Electricity Precisely Analysis Statistics Geographical Sophisticated Campaign  Satisfactory  To underestimate  Demand  Distributor   Advertising   Agency   Comment    Appreciation   Wholesaler   Warehousing   Facilities  Cooperative  Purchases  Labeling  Disclosure  Pressure  Increasingly  Representative  Majority  Dependent  Customer  Extremely  Catalogue  To experiment   Competition  Appliance  Status  Approached  Attractive  Arrangements   Agreement Quarterly   Assessed  Overall Unexpected Reluctance  Anticipate  Reconsidering Exclusive   Resume   Encourage   Bonuses  Incentive  Consignment  Direct  Installment  Especially  Deposit  Quotation  To adjust   Preserve   Adjustable   Damage   Sweater   Depleted   Foreign   Rescheduling   Priority   Notify   Consular  Criteria   Recurring   Expenses   Resident   Complete   Branches   Insufficient    Remind   Overdraw Withdrawal  Immediately  Damaged  Ambulance Official  Incident  Memorandum  To testify  Motorist  Insurance  Theoretically  Policy Though  Premium  Material Carriage  Vegetable  Genuine  Schedule  Chartered  Refrigerator  Ability   Pharmaceuticals  Canals   Envelope  Telegraphic  Poundage   To contribute   Liable  Category   Financial    Managing   Director Accountant Certified    Stockholder    Registered Report  Proceedings    Investor   Government   Secure   Economic   Recovery  Constitutes   Define    Community   Authority   Investigate   Separate Punishment Prescribed   Agreement   Method   Accuracy   Compromise  Phenomenon   Renewal  Obsolete Securities Receivable   Inventory   Engineer   Micro   Computerizing Separately    Processor    Vicious   Education   Library   Optimize  Associate    Sociologists   Completion    Research    Techniques   Standardization   Tremendous    Industrialist    Monotonous    Independence    Leakage   Luxury   Chemical  Facilitate  abnormally  Artificial   Emphasized   Competitor   Calculator   Message   Japanese To eliminate  Energy   Crisis   Controversy    Indicators   Strategies  Discipline Legal  Hatred  Escalator Suspicious Depleted  Deleted  Mendacity Communication  Theoretically  Traitor  Trader  Stadium  Conspicuous Considerations Conservator Communication

Pour devenir un super expert sur ce sujet cliquez sur ce lien : http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=ucsdling

Rules of Word Stress in English<o:p></o:p>

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Word Stress definition :<o:p></o:p>

• A multi-syllable word has a prominent syllable. This is called a stressed syllable. <o:p></o:p>
• Stressed syllable is longer in duration, higher in pitch, and louder in volume.<o:p></o:p>
• Duration is the primary attribute to the prominence of a syllable.<o:p></o:p>

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• There are two very simple rules about word stress:<o:p></o:p>

1.One word has only one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. If you hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word. It is true that there can be a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)<o:p></o:p>

2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.<o:p></o:p>

Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.<o:p></o:p>

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1 Stress on first syllable<o:p></o:p>

rule<o:p></o:p>	example<o:p></o:p>
Most 2-syllable nouns<o:p></o:p>	PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble<o:p></o:p>
Most 2-syllable adjectives<o:p></o:p>	PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy<o:p></o:p>

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2 Stress on last syllable<o:p></o:p>

rule<o:p></o:p>	example<o:p></o:p>
Most 2-syllable verbs<o:p></o:p>	to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN<o:p></o:p>

There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and class change with a change in stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress the second syllable, it becomes a verb (to offer). More examples: the words export, import, contract and object can all be nouns or verbs depending on whether the stress is on the first or second syllable.<o:p></o:p>

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3 Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)<o:p></o:p>

rule<o:p></o:p>	example<o:p></o:p>
Words ending in -ic<o:p></o:p>	GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic<o:p></o:p>
Words ending in -sion and -tion<o:p></o:p>	teleVIsion, reveLAtion<o:p></o:p>

For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.<o:p></o:p>

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4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)<o:p></o:p>

rule<o:p></o:p>	example<o:p></o:p>
Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy<o:p></o:p>	deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy<o:p></o:p>
Words ending in -al<o:p></o:p>	CRItical, geoLOGical<o:p></o:p>

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5 Compound words (words with two parts)<o:p></o:p>

rule<o:p></o:p>	example<o:p></o:p>
For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part<o:p></o:p>	BLACKbird, GREENhouse<o:p></o:p>
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part<o:p></o:p>	bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned<o:p></o:p>
For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part<o:p></o:p>	to underSTAND, to overFLOW<o:p></o:p>

Now check your understanding >

Related pages :        http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/Pron/stress.htm<o:p></o:p>

                                                  http://esl.about.com/od/speakingenglish/a/8wspatterns.htm<o:p></o:p>

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Phonics, Syllable and Accent Rules<o:p></o:p>

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Phonics Rules <o:p></o:p>

The vowels are "a,e,i,o, and u"; also sometimes "y" & "w". This also includes the diphthongs "oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others.
The consonants are all the other letters which stop or limit the flow of air from the throat in speech. They are: "b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,qu,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z,ch,sh,th,ph,wh, ng, and gh". <o:p></o:p>

1. Sometimes the rules don't work.
There are many exceptions in English because of the vastness of the language and the many languages from which it has borrowed. The rules do work however, in the majority of the words.

2. Every syllable in every word must have a vowel.
English is a "vocal" language; Every word must have a vowel.

3. "C" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of "s". Examples: "cyst", "central", and "city".

4. "G" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of "j". Example: "gem", "gym", and "gist".

5. When 2 consonants are joined together and form one new sound, they are a consonant digraph. They count as one sound and one letter and are never separated. Examples: "ch,sh,th,ph and wh".

6. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel is short. Examples: "fat, bed, fish, spot, luck".

7. When a syllable ends in a silent "e", the silent "e" is a signal that the vowel in front of it is long. Examples: "make, gene, kite, rope, and use".

8. When a syllable has 2 vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent. Examples: "pain, eat, boat, res/cue, say, grow". <o:p></o:p>

NOTE: Diphthongs don't follow this rule; In a diphthong, the vowels blend together to create a single new sound. The diphthongs are: "oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others.

9. When a syllable ends in any vowel and is the only vowel, that vowel is usually long. Examples: "pa/per, me, I, o/pen, u/nit, and my".

10. When a vowel is followed by an "r" in the same syllable, that vowel is "r-controlled". It is not long nor short. "R-controlled "er,ir,and ur" often sound the same (like "er"). Examples: "term, sir, fir, fur, far, for, su/gar, or/der". <o:p></o:p>

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Basic Syllable Rules<o:p></o:p>

1. To find the number of syllables:
---count the vowels in the word,
---subtract any silent vowels, (like the silent "e" at the end of a word or the second vowel when two vowels a together in a syllable)
---subtract one vowel from every diphthong, (diphthongs only count as one vowel sound.)
---the number of vowels sounds left is the same as the number of syllables.
The number of syllables that you hear when you pronounce a word is the same as the number of vowels sounds heard. For example:
The word "came" has 2 vowels, but the "e" is silent, leaving one vowel sound andone syllable.
The word "outside" has 4 vowels, but the "e" is silent and the "ou" is a diphthong which counts as only one sound, so this word has only two vowels sounds and therefore, two syllables.

2. Divide between two middle consonants.
Split up words that have two middle consonants. For example:
hap/pen, bas/ket, let/ter, sup/per, din/ner, and Den/nis. The only exceptions are the consonant digraphs. Never split up consonant digraphs as they really represent only one sound. The exceptions are "th", "sh", "ph", "th", "ch", and "wh".

3. Usually divide before a single middle consonant.
When there is only one syllable, you usually divide in front of it, as in:
"o/pen", "i/tem", "e/vil", and "re/port". The only exceptions are those times when the first syllable has an obvious short sound, as in "cab/in".

4. Divide before the consonant before an "-le" syllable.
When you have a word that has the old-style spelling in which the "-le" sounds like "-el", divide before the consonant before the "-le". For example: "a/ble", "fum/ble", "rub/ble" "mum/ble" and "this/tle". The only exception to this are "ckle" words like "tick/le".

5. Divide off any compound words, prefixes, suffixes and roots which have vowel sounds.
Split off the parts of compound words like "sports/car" and "house/boat". Divide off prefixes such at "un/happy", "pre/paid", or "re/write". Also divide off suffixes as in the words "farm/er", "teach/er", "hope/less" and "care/ful". In the word "stop/ping", the suffix is actually "-ping" because this word follows the rule that when you add "-ing" to a word with one syllable, you double the last consonant and add the "-ing". <o:p></o:p>

 

Accent Rules<o:p></o:p>

When a word has more than one syllable, one of the syllables is always a little louder than the others. The syllable with the louder stress is the accented syllable. It may seem that the placement of accents in words is often random or accidental, but these are some rules that usually work.

1. Accents are often on the first syllable. Examples: ba'/sic, pro'/gram.

2. In words that have suffixes or prefixes, the accent is usually on the main root word. Examples: box'/es, un/tie'.

3. If de-, re-, ex-, in-,po-, pro-, or a- is the first syllable in a word, it is usually not accented. Examples: de/lay', ex/plore'.

4. Two vowel letters together in the last syllable of a word often indicates an accented last syllable. Examples: com/plain', con/ceal'.

5. When there are two like consonant letters within a word, the syllable before the double consonants is usually accented. Examples: be/gin'/ner, let'/ter.

6. The accent is usually on the syllable before the suffixes -ion, ity, -ic, -ical, -ian, -ial, or -ious, and on the second syllable before the suffix -ate. Examples: af/fec/ta'/tion, dif/fer/en'/ti/ate.

7. In words of three or more syllables, one of the first two syllables is usually accented. Examples: ac'/ci/dent, de/ter'/mine.

 

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Voici un lien pour apprendre l'alphabet avec une chanson sur un air de Mozart

 

http://kids.niehs.nih.gov/<wbr></wbr>lyrics/alphabet.htm 

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