Une grammaire anglaise avec les principales règles qui l'a régissent. Encore une fois, c'est tout en anglais. Pour ceux que cela dérange rendez-vous en bas de cette page où vous trouverez des liens vers d'autres sites soit pour des exercices ou des cours.
Essayez, par exemple l'anglais facile ; c'est tout en Français. http://www.anglaisfacile.com/
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The Parts of Speech <o:p></o:p>
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The part of speech is the term used to describe how a particular word is used. In English there are eight ways a word can be used--there are eight parts of speech. <o:p></o:p>
1. Nouns name anything. <o:p></o:p>
2. Verbs express action or state of being. <o:p></o:p>
3. Pronouns replace nouns. <o:p></o:p>
4. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. <o:p></o:p>
5. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. <o:p></o:p>
6. Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or <o:p></o:p>
pronoun and another word in the sentence. <o:p></o:p>
7. Conjunctions connect words and sentence parts. <o:p></o:p>
8. Interjections express strong feeling. <o:p></o:p>
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EXCERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-8872.php<o:p></o:p>
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Noun<o:p></o:p>
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A noun is a word that signifies a person, place, thing, idea, action, condition, or quality. <o:p></o:p>
The nouns in these two sentences are in italics.<o:p></o:p>
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Noun or Pronoun Case <o:p></o:p>
The case of a noun or pronoun in English is that form of a word which shows its relationship to other words in the sentence. The three cases in English are nominative (for subjects and predicate nominatives), objective (for direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, object complements, and subjects of infinitives), and possessive. In all English nouns and indefinite pronouns, there is no difference between the form of the nominative and the form of the objective. <o:p></o:p>
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Capitalizing Proper Nouns <o:p></o:p>
A proper noun is a noun which names a specific person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are capitalized. That includes the following categories of names: <o:p></o:p>
Each part of a person's name: James A. Garfield Chester Alan Arthur<o:p></o:p>
Given or pet names of animals: <o:p></o:p>
Lassie Trigger Secretariat<o:p></o:p>
Geographical and celestial names: <o:p></o:p>
Red Sea Alpha Centauri Lake Havasu City<o:p></o:p>
Monuments, buildings, meeting rooms: <o:p></o:p>
the Taj Mahal Grant's Tomb Room 222<o:p></o:p>
Historical events, documents, laws, and periods: <o:p></o:p>
the Civil War the Hatch Act the Reformation<o:p></o:p>
Months, days of the week, holidays: <o:p></o:p>
Monday Easter December<o:p></o:p>
Groups and languages: <o:p></o:p>
Myopia Hunt Club the Republicans Israeli French National Football League<o:p></o:p>
Religions, deities, scriptures: <o:p></o:p>
God Christ the Bible the Torah Islam<o:p></o:p>
Awards, vehicles, vehicle models, brand names: <o:p></o:p>
the Nobel Peace Prize Eagle Scout Ford Escort the Bismarck Kleenex<o:p></o:p>
Some parts of last names may not be capitalized. <o:p></o:p>
Sometimes the part of the last name following Mac (but never Mc or M') may not be capitalized. For example, Prime Minister J. R. MacDonald, but author George Macdonald. There is no rule, just learn the name. <o:p></o:p>
Sometimes the part of the last name following the particles de, du, d', den, der, des, la, le, l', ten, ter, van, or von (and similar particles) may or may not be capitalized. The particles themselves may or may not be capitalized. Check to see how the person prefers it. <o:p></o:p>
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COUNTABLE (COUNT) or NON-COUNTABLE (NON-COUNT) NOUNS:
COUNT or NON-COUNT 1
COUNT or NON-COUNT 2
COUNT or NON-COUNT 3
COUNT or NON-COUNT 4
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Du verbe au nom <o:p></o:p>
Noms communs, propres, collectifs
Noms dénombrables et non dénombrables
Noms indénombrables <o:p></o:p>
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Verb <o:p></o:p>
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A verb is a word expressing an action or a condition of a subject. <o:p></o:p>
Verbs are one of the major grammatical groups, and all sentences must contain one. Verbs refer to an action (do, break, walk, etc.) or a state (be, like, own).<o:p></o:p>
There are three properties which characterize verbs in English--tense, voice, and mood. . <o:p></o:p>
The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. <o:p></o:p>
Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject. <o:p></o:p>
Annuaire des verbes anglais /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.verb2verbe.com/francais/conjugaison/verbe-anglais/directory.aspx<o:p></o:p>
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Verbals <o:p></o:p>
A verbal is the form of a verb that is used as a different part of speech. <o:p></o:p>
In English there are three verbals --participles, gerunds, and infinitives. <o:p></o:p>
Participles can either be past participles or present participles and they act as an adjective. <o:p></o:p>
Gerunds always act as a noun.<o:p></o:p>
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There are two participles in English: the present participle and the past participle. They can both be used as adjectives<o:p></o:p>
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb. It is used in:<o:p></o:p>
i) Continuous or Progressive verb forms - I'm leaving in five minutes.<o:p></o:p>
ii) As an adjective: A dying man<o:p></o:p>
The past participle is formed by adding -ed to the base form, unless it is an irregular verb. It is used:<o:p></o:p>
i) As an adjective - A tired group<o:p></o:p>
ii) With the auxiliary verb 'have' to form the perfect aspect - They've just arrived.<o:p></o:p>
iii) with the verb 'be' to form the passive - He was robbed a couple of days ago.<o:p></o:p>
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Gerund <o:p></o:p>
A gerund is a verb ending in -ing and used as a noun. <o:p></o:p>
A Gerund is a verb when it acts as a noun; gerunds can act as the subject or object of a main verb.<o:p></o:p>
EG: Studying is good for you.<o:p></o:p>
Sports are often referred to in gerund form. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: I like playing baseball. <o:p></o:p>
Doing the audit is duty, not pleasure.<o:p></o:p>
A gerund phrase is a noun phrase made up of a gerund plus any complements of the gerund plus any modifiers of either the complement or the gerund. <o:p></o:p>
In the first example, playing baseball is the gerund phrase (the gerund, playing plus its direct object baseball.) <o:p></o:p>
In the second example, the gerund phrase is doing the audit (the gerund doing, its direct object audit, and the, which modifies the direct object). <o:p></o:p>
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EXERCICES / <o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-4355.php<o:p></o:p>
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Infinitive <o:p></o:p>
An infinitive is the simple present form of a verb used as either a noun, adjective, or adverb. The verb of the infinitive is normally preceded by the word to. When the infinitive follows some verbs as the direct object, the to may be dropped. An infinitive phrase is the infinitive plus any complements and any modifiers of the infinitive and complements. <o:p></o:p>
As a Noun: He helped to write the program. <o:p></o:p>
As an Adjective: Lydia was looking for a way to earn money. <o:p></o:p>
As an Adverb: He shouted to get our attention. <o:p></o:p>
To Dropped: He helped write the program. <o:p></o:p>
In the above examples, the infinitive is italicized and the infinitive phrase is underline<o:p></o:p>
The infinitive usually occurs with 'To' (for example To go, To come, To wear etc.), except after an auxiliary or modal verb. <o:p></o:p>
It is a verb form that shows no person, tense or aspect.<o:p></o:p>
EXAMPLES OF THE INFINITIVE:<o:p></o:p>
I had to go
I must go
I want to sing
To err is human
You don't know her
You may come<o:p></o:p>
The following verb forms are derived from the Infinitive:<o:p></o:p>
i/ Imperative (same as Infinitive but without 'To')<o:p></o:p>
ii/ Present Simple (same as Infinitive without 'To' but the third person singular takes 's')<o:p></o:p>
iii/ Present Participle or Gerund (add 'ing')<o:p></o:p>
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Exercices<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/liaison.php?liaison=_infinitif_<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-5677.php<o:p></o:p>
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Aspect in a verb shows whether the action or state is complete or not: <o:p></o:p>
(incomplete- progressive aspect) (complete- perfect aspect)<o:p></o:p>
She's doing a crossword puzzle. (incomplete- progressive aspect) <o:p></o:p>
The progressive, or continuous, aspect is formed with the auxiliary verb 'to be' + - ing, the present participle. It shows that an action or state, past, present, or future, was, is or will be unfinished at the time referred to: <o:p></o:p>
I'm reading Nelson Mandela's autobiography. (action unfinished now) <o:p></o:p>
She was having a shower when the phone rang. (action unfinished at the time the phone rang)<o:p></o:p>
The progressive aspect is often called 'continuous' has 6 different forms :<o:p></o:p>
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1/ Present Continuous <o:p></o:p>
The Present Progressive is used for actions that have begun but not finished. It can also be used to talk about future arrangements. Some books use the term Present Progressive, and others use Present Continous. <o:p></o:p>
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2/ Past Continuous <o:p></o:p>
It is used for actions and states that were unfinished at a certain time in the past or to stress the duration of something. You will see both past progressive and past continuous being used in different books. <o:p></o:p>
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3/ Present Perfect Continuous <o:p></o:p>
The Present Perfect Progressive is used to emphasise the duration of a recent past activity. It can also be used for actions that began in the past and are still going on now.<o:p></o:p>
Some books use the term Present Perfect Progressive, and others use Present Perfect Continuous. <o:p></o:p>
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4/ Past Perfect Continuous <o:p></o:p>
The Past Perfect Progressive is used for actions that were unfinished when another action, etc, took place: I had been living there for years before I got married. <o:p></o:p>
Some books use the term Past Perfect Progressive, and others use Past Perfect Continuous. <o:p></o:p>
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5/ Future Continuous <o:p></o:p>
The Future Progressive is used for actions that will be unfinished at a certain time in the future, or for things that will happen in the normal course of events, rather than being part of your plans and intentions.<o:p></o:p>
Some books use the term Future Progressive, and others use Future Continuous. <o:p></o:p>
6/ Future Perfect Continuous<o:p></o:p>
The future perfect progressive is used for actions that will be unfinished, but have reached a certain stage: This time next month, I'll have been living here for three years.<o:p></o:p>
Some books use the term Future Perfect Progressive, and others use Future Perfect Continous.<o:p></o:p>
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They've washed up. (complete- perfect aspect)<o:p></o:p>
The perfect aspect is formed with the auxiliary verb 'to have' + the past participle. It is used for finished actions that are relevant to the time referred to or ones that continue up to the time referred to:<o:p></o:p>
She's worked here for donkey's years. (this continues up to now) I've lost my keys. (a past action that is relevant now as I can't open the door<o:p></o:p>
For actions that happened before related past events or times.<o:p></o:p>
eg: When she arrived, all the tickets had gone. I'd never heard of it until last week.<o:p></o:p>
This used to be the pluperfect, but the term is not used nowadays.<o:p></o:p>
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1/ For unfinished past actions.<o:p></o:p>
eg: I've worked here for four years.<o:p></o:p>
2/ For past actions when the time is not specified.<o:p></o:p>
eg: Have you ever been to Rome?<o:p></o:p>
3/ When a past action is relevant now.<o:p></o:p>
eg: I've missed my flight. She's broken her leg and cannot go on holiday next week.<o:p></o:p>
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1/ For actions to be completed before a specific future time, but the exact time is unimportant.<o:p></o:p>
eg: She'll have finished it by next week.<o:p></o:p>
2/ When making assumptions about actions that are finished now.<o:p></o:p>
eg: It's OK to phone because he'll have got home by now.<o:p></o:p>
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It is used in the 3rd Conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past: eg: If she'd seen the advert, she would have applied for the job.<o:p></o:p>
NOTE: 'If she'd seen = If she had seen<o:p></o:p>
Formation: 'WOULD HAVE' + Past Participle
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EXERCICES /
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-10446.php
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Voice <o:p></o:p>
The voice of a verb, passive or active, expresses whether the action is being received by the subject or being done by the subject. The two voices may occur in any tense. <o:p></o:p>
Voice shows the relationship between the verb and the noun phrases connected to it. There are two voices in English; the passive and the active.<o:p></o:p>
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Active Voice of Verbs<o:p></o:p>
Active Voice <o:p></o:p>
The voice of a verb refers to the form of the verb used in relation to what the subject is doing. In English there are only two voices-- passive and active. <o:p></o:p>
The active voice of a verb simply means the form of the verb used when the subject is the doer of the action. <o:p></o:p>
In most writing, use the active voice. It is more direct and less ambiguous. <o:p></o:p>
Passive Voice: The project was reviewed by the committee. <o:p></o:p>
Active Voice: The committee reviewed the project.<o:p></o:p>
English verbs can be in either the Active or the Passive Voice. Voice shows the relationship between the verb and the noun phrases. In a sentence in the active, the person or thing that performed the action is the Subject of the Verb. <o:p></o:p>
eg: I wrote the letter.<o:p></o:p>
In a sentence in the Passive the Object of the active sentence is used as the subject of the verb.<o:p></o:p>
eg: The letter was sent yesterday.<o:p></o:p>
Passive Voice <o:p></o:p>
The voice of a verb refers to the form of the verb used in relation to what the subject is doing. In English there are only two voices-- passive and active. <o:p></o:p>
The passive voice of a verb simply means the form of the verb used when the subject is being acted upon rather than doing something. <o:p></o:p>
The passive voice is formed by taking the appropriate tense of the verb to be and adding the past participle.<o:p></o:p>
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In most writing, use the active voice. It is more direct and less ambiguous. <o:p></o:p>
The passive should be used only if the doer is unknown or unimportant, or if more emphasis is put on the receiver of the action than the doer. <o:p></o:p>
Doer unknown: The Jones' car was stolen last week.<o:p></o:p>
Doer unimportant: The bells were rung to announce the wedding. <o:p></o:p>
Emphasize receiver: Tony was hit by a fastball.
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The mood of a verb expresses the conditions under which an action or condition is taking place. In English there are three moods--indicative, subjunctive, or imperative. Indicative and subjunctive can be in any tense; imperative, only in the present tense. <o:p></o:p>
Verbs are also classified according to function. Action verbs show action or possession. Action verbs are either transitive or intransitive. <o:p></o:p>
Linking verbs show the condition of the subject. Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, are used with other verbs to change the tense, voice, or condition of the verb. <o:p></o:p>
Conditional verbs are verbs conjugated with could, would, or should to show a possible condition. They may be in any tense. <o:p></o:p>
The principal parts of a verb are the four forms of the verb from which all forms of the verb can be made. In English the four principal parts are the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. Since the present participle is always formed the same way (add -ing), some lists of principal parts omit it. <o:p></o:p>
EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-1681.php<o:p></o:p>
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Intransitive Verb <o:p></o:p>
An intransitive verb is an action verb (that is, it is neither a linking verb nor an auxiliary verb) which does not have a direct object. <o:p></o:p>
An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object. <o:p></o:p>
EG: They arrived. (The verb does not require an object to complete it.)<o:p></o:p>
They do not have a passive form.<o:p></o:p>
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Intransitive: He runs around the block daily.
(There is no direct object.)<o:p></o:p>
See Also: Ambitransitive Verb ; Ditransitive Verb ; Transitive Verb <o:p></o:p>
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Most verbs can be both intransitive and transitive depending on the sentence. The verb to go, however, is always intransitive. <o:p></o:p>
In most dictionaries the abbreviation v.i. means "verb, intransitive." <o:p></o:p>
EXERCICES/<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-37818.php<o:p></o:p>
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Transitive Verb <o:p></o:p>
A transitive verb is an action or linking verb that has a complement. <o:p></o:p>
A Transitive Verb is one that takes an object.<o:p></o:p>
EG: He opened the door. ('Door' is the object of the action; it is affected by the operation.) Transitive: He runs a large corporation.
(The verb runs has a direct object, corporation.)<o:p></o:p>
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See Also: Ambitransitive Verb ; Ditransitive Verb ; Intransitive Verb
Linking Verb<o:p></o:p>
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A linking verb is a verb which links or establishes a relationship between the subject and a term in the predicate which describes or renames the subject. <o:p></o:p>
It does not show action, but, rather, it links. <o:p></o:p>
The common linking verbs are be, appear, become, feel, seem, smell, taste, and sound. <o:p></o:p>
Please note that be may also be an auxiliary verb. All the others except for seem can be transitive or intransitive action verbs. <o:p></o:p>
One way of testing for a linking verb is to replace the verb with the appropriate form of seem. If the sentence is still saying pretty much the same thing, the verb is a linking verb. <o:p></o:p>
Action Verb: He tasted the ice cream. (action) <o:p></o:p>
Linking Verb: The ice cream tasted good.
(Tasted is used to help good describe the subject.)<o:p></o:p>
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A verbal phrase is a phrase consisting of a verbal plus any complements or the verbal plus any modifiers to the verbal or the complement. <o:p></o:p>
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A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called copula or copular verbs. <o:p></o:p>
EG: That food smells good.<o:p></o:p>
('Smells' connects the subject to the adjective that describes it.)<o:p></o:p>
The following are the principal linking verbs in English that can be used to connect the subject to an adjective:<o:p></o:p>
Be; Look; Feel; Taste; Smell; Sound; Seem; Appear; Get; Become; Grow; Stay; Keep; Turn; Prove; Go; Remain; Resemble; Run; Lie<o:p></o:p>
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Principal Parts of a Verb <o:p></o:p>
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The principal parts of a verb are the four forms of the verb from which all forms of the verb can be made. In English the four principal parts are the present (or infinitive), the past tense, the past participle, and the present participle. <o:p></o:p>
Principal Parts of the Verb To Walk: <o:p></o:p>
(to) walk walked walked walking <o:p></o:p>
(To walk is considered a regular verb because we add a -d or -ed to the verb for the past and past participle.) <o:p></o:p>
Principal Parts of the Verb To Run: <o:p></o:p>
(to) run ran run running <o:p></o:p>
(This is considered an irregular verb since one or more of the principal parts is formed in a nonstandard way.) <o:p></o:p>
Since the present participle is always formed by adding -ing to the infinitive, some lists of principal parts omit it<o:p></o:p>
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VERB TYPES
Ergative verbs are found in sentences where the verb affects the subject: <o:p></o:p>
The sun melted the butter.<o:p></o:p>
Here, we have a sentence with a standard subject, a transitive verb and a direct object.<o:p></o:p>
The butter melted.<o:p></o:p>
Here, the subject was the object of the original sentence. The butter didn't melt itself- it required the heat of the sun. This is an ergative verb use, where the subject of the intransitive form of the verb would be the object of the transitive form of the verb.<o:p></o:p>
A middle verb is one that is grammatically active, though the meaning is closer to the passive. In some languages, this is recognised as a voice. <o:p></o:p>
Porcelain breaks easily.<o:p></o:p>
Porcelain doesn't break anything, though the sentence is active, but porcelain can be broken easily. This is an example of a middle verb, where it shows features of both the active and the passive. <o:p></o:p>
A middle verb is one that is grammatically active, though the meaning is closer to the passive. In some languages, this is recognised as a voice. <o:p></o:p>
Porcelain breaks easily.<o:p></o:p>
Porcelain doesn't break anything, though the sentence is active, but porcelain can be broken easily. This is an example of a middle verb, where it shows features of both the active and the passive. <o:p></o:p>
See Also: Ditransitive Verb; Ergative Verb; Intransitive Verb; Transitive Verb
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A dynamic verb is one that can be used in the progressive (continuous) aspect, indicating an unfinished action. <o:p></o:p>
EG: She's lying on the bed. (An incomplete action in progress)<o:p></o:p>
The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or singular plural. Non-finite verb forms have no person, tense or number.<o:p></o:p>
I go, she goes, he went - These verb forms are finite.<o:p></o:p>
To go, going - These verb forms are non-finite.<o:p></o:p>
The non-finite forms of a verb have no tense, person or singular plural. The infinitive and present and past participles are the non-finite parts of a verb; To do; doing; done<o:p></o:p>
An inchoative verb is a verb that describes a change of state. <o:p></o:p>
EG: The apples ripened. (The apples became ripe.) He has aged a lot. (He has become old.) <o:p></o:p>
A performative verb is a verb where saying it or writing it performs the action itself. If you say 'I resign', then saying it performs the act of resignation. In ceremonies like baptism, naming ships, etc, performative verbs are used.<o:p></o:p>
A verb group consists of a verb and an auxiliary verb or a modal verb: <o:p></o:p>
EXAMPLES OF VERB GROUPS: She shouldn't do that. (Modal + verb)<o:p></o:p>
I haven't seen her. (Auxiliary + verb)
Stative verbs are verbs that describe a state and consequently the stative verb is not usually used in the progressive aspect, which is used for incomplete actions in progress. <o:p></o:p>
EG: They own a cottage in Somerset. (The possession is a state and not an action. We cannot write this sentence in the progressive aspect)<o:p></o:p>
The verb phrase is the main verb plus the complement, object, and/or adverbial:<o:p></o:p>
She sent me a lovely birthday card. (everything except the subject, 'she', is the verb phrase)<o:p></o:p>
The main verb is the most important verb in a sentence; without it, the sentence would not be complete.<o:p></o:p>
An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past Participle forms. Some irregular verbs do not change; put put put, while others change completely; buy bought bought, etc. <o:p></o:p>
Irregular verbs fall into 5 categories:<o:p></o:p>
LISTE DES VERBES IRREGULIERS
http://www.profdanglais.com/vi/listecomplete.php
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity. <o:p></o:p>
CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, SHALL, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, DARE and NEED are some examples.<o:p></o:p>
eg: I would have told you, if you had wanted me to.<o:p></o:p>
eg: Yes, I can do that.<o:p></o:p>
When trying to convince someone that you will do something in return for their doing something.<o:p></o:p>
EG: If you'll walk the dog, I'll do the dinner.<o:p></o:p>
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To be very polite, especially in writing:<o:p></o:p>
EG: I would be very grateful if you would be so kind as to send me the forms as soon as possible.<o:p></o:p>
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EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
Modals- Permission and Requests (10)<o:p></o:p>
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A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past participle (or -d if the verb ends in -e; smoke smoked). <o:p></o:p>
EG: walk walked walked<o:p></o:p>
As regular verbs follow a fixed pattern, there is no irregular verb list in existence.<o:p></o:p>
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A Ditransitive Verb is one that takes both a direct object and an indirect object. <o:p></o:p>
EG: He gave her the letter. ('The letter' is the direct object, what he gave, and 'her' is the indirect object, the person he gave it to. This sentence can also be written 'He gave the letter to her'.)<o:p></o:p>
A copula (also spelled copular) verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called linking verbs. <o:p></o:p>
EG: That food smells nice.<o:p></o:p>
('Smells' connects the subject to the adjective that describes it.)<o:p></o:p>
The following are the principal Copula Verbs in English that can be used to connect the subject to an adjective:<o:p></o:p>
Be; Look; Feel; Taste; Smell; Sound; Seem; Appear; Get; Become; Grow; Stay; Keep; Turn; Prove; Go; Remain; Resemble; Run; Lie<o:p></o:p>
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The Agent is the person or entity that performs the action described by a Verb. It is most commonly used in the Passive when the agent is used with 'by': <o:p></o:p>
Eg.: The politician's career was ruined by the scandal.<o:p></o:p>
The scandal performed the act of ruining the politician's career. It is the agent.<o:p></o:p>
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Auxiliary Verb <o:p></o:p>
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An auxiliary verb combines with another verb to help form the tense, mood, voice, or condition of the verb it combines with. The verbs to have, to be, to do, will, shall, would, should, can, may, might, and could are the common auxiliary verbs in English. <o:p></o:p>
Auxiliary verbs are sometimes called helping verbs. In the last sentence, are is the auxiliary verb in the passive verb phrase are called.<o:p></o:p>
'DO', 'BE' and 'HAVE' are the English auxiliary verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tense. <o:p></o:p>
DESCRIPTIONS OF ENGLISH AUXILIARY VERBS:<o:p></o:p>
1/ 'DO', 'DON'T', 'DOES' and 'DOESN'T' are used for questions and negatives in the Present Simple Tense, and 'DID' and 'DIDN'T' are used in the Past Simple Tense.<o:p></o:p>
2/ 'BE' is used with the Present Participle in Continuous (Progressive) Verbs. It is also used with the Past Participle in the Passive<o:p></o:p>
3/ 'HAVE' is used with the Past Participle to form the Perfect Aspect.<o:p></o:p>
The Verb To Be <o:p></o:p>
The verb to be is the most irregular verb in the English language. It is normally a linking verb showing existence or the condition of the subject. It can also be used as an auxiliary verb when forming the passive voice. <o:p></o:p>
The forms of the verb to be in English are as follows: <o:p></o:p>
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Infinitive<o:p></o:p> |
to be<o:p></o:p> |
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Present<o:p></o:p> |
am, is, are<o:p></o:p> |
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Past<o:p></o:p> |
was, were<o:p></o:p> |
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Present Participle<o:p></o:p> |
being<o:p></o:p> |
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Past Participle<o:p></o:p> |
been<o:p></o:p> |
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Present Subjunctive <o:p></o:p> |
be<o:p></o:p> |
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Past Subjunctive<o:p></o:p> |
were<o:p></o:p> |
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Imperative<o:p></o:p> |
be<o:p></o:p> |
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For more on this see The Subjunctive Mood and Subject-Verb Agreement.<o:p></o:p>
Mood <o:p></o:p>
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The mood of a verb is the manner in which the action or condition is conceived or intended. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker or the writer to the action or state described by the verb.<o:p></o:p>
In English there are three verb moods. Indicative Imperative Subjunctive<o:p></o:p>
1. Indicative, a verb stating an apparent fact or asking a question. This is the way verbs are normally used in English. <o:p></o:p>
1. The Indicative is the verb used in ordinary statements and questions:<o:p></o:p>
She went home. Has she called yet?<o:p></o:p>
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2. Imperative, a verb stating a command or request. 2) The Imperative is used to give orders and instructions:<o:p></o:p>
Go home.<o:p></o:p>
Come and see me.<o:p></o:p>
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3. Subjunctive, a verb expressing a doubt, desire, supposition, or condition contrary to fact. 3) The Subjunctive is used to express doubts, wishes, etc. It is not used much in English any more and exists in a few phrases:<o:p></o:p>
If I were you, I'd speak to her about it straightaway.<o:p></o:p>
Be that as it may<o:p></o:p>
See Also: Aspect; Tense; Voice<o:p></o:p>
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A verb is in the subjunctive mood when it expresses a condition which is doubtful or not factual. It is most often found in a clause beginning with the word if. It is also found in clauses following a verb that expresses a doubt, a wish, regret, request, demand, or proposal. <o:p></o:p>
These are verbs typically followed by clauses that take the subjunctive: <o:p></o:p>
ask, demand, determine, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest, and wish. <o:p></o:p>
In English there is no difference between the subjunctive and normal, or indicative, form of the verb except for the present tense third person singular and for the verb to be. <o:p></o:p>
The subjunctive for the present tense third person singular drops the -s or -es so that it looks and sounds like the present tense for everything else. <o:p></o:p>
The subjunctive mood of the verb to be is be in the present tense and were in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is.<o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: If I was you, I would run. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: If I were you, I would run.
(The verb follows if and expresses a non-factual condition.) <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: I wish he was able to type faster. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: I wish he were able to type faster.
(The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It also suggests a non-factual or doubtful condition.) <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: His requirement is that everyone is computer literate. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: His requirement is that everyone be computer literate.
(Subordinate clause follows main clause with a demand.) <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: He recommended that each driver reports his tips. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: He recommended that each driver report his tips. <o:p></o:p>
Sometimes we may use the conditional auxiliary verbs of could, should, or would to express the same sense. <o:p></o:p>
Subjunctive:I wish he were kinder to me. Conditional: I wish he would be kinder to me.<o:p></o:p>
Note: In modern English, the subjunctive is found only in subordinate clauses.<o:p></o:p>
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The subjunctive is the mood of a verb used to show hopes doubts wishes etc.. It is not used very much in modern British English, surviving in a few expressions such as 'If I were you' in the 2nd Conditional and expressions like 'God save the Queen' and 'so be it'. In American English, the present subjunctive is more common, so people say 'I recommend he be promoted'.<o:p></o:p>
See Also: Modal Verb; Voice; Tense; Aspect<o:p></o:p>
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EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/free/news/0gsubjunctive.htm<o:p></o:p>
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Gerunds are used after prepositions, but not usually after 'to'. The gerund looks identical to the present participle, which is used after the auxiliary verb 'to be', but are not the same as they do not function as main verbs. Gerunds are used after certain words and expressions, as is the infinitive, so it is useful to try to learn which form an adjective, etc., takes.<o:p></o:p>
· Base Form + ING<o:p></o:p>
If a verb ends with -e, it loses the last letter before adding the -ing suffix. <o:p></o:p>
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Phrasal Verbs
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A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning; 'give up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very different from 'give'. The word or words that modify a verb in this manner can also go under the name particle. <o:p></o:p>
Phrasal verbs can be divided into groups:<o:p></o:p>
Intransitive verbs
These don't take an object
They had an argument, but they've made up now.<o:p></o:p>
Inseparable verbs
The object must come after the particle.
They are looking after their grandchildren.<o:p></o:p>
Separable verbs
With some separable verbs, the object must come between the verb and the particle:
The quality of their work sets them apart from their rivals.<o:p></o:p>
In our phrasal verb dictionary, we classify these as Separable [obligatory] <o:p></o:p>
With some separable verbs, the object can before or after the particle, though when a pronoun is used it comes before the particle:
Turn the TV off.
Turn off the TV.<o:p></o:p>
Turn it off.<o:p></o:p>
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EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-7865.php<o:p></o:p>
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Pronoun <o:p></o:p>
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A pronoun takes the place of a noun in a sentence. <o:p></o:p>
In English there are seven different kinds of pronouns. <o:p></o:p>
1. The personal pronoun takes the place of a specific or named person or thing. Personal pronouns come in three different cases: nominative, objective, and possessive.<o:p></o:p>
2. The reflexive pronoun adds information by pointing back to a noun or another pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
3. The intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
4. The demonstrative pronoun points out a specific person, place, or thing. <o:p></o:p>
5. The relative pronoun begins a subordinate clause and relates the clause to a word in the main clause. <o:p></o:p>
6. The interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question. The personal interrogative pronouns come in the same three cases as the personal pronouns. <o:p></o:p>
7. Indefinite pronouns refer to persons, places, or things without specifying for certain which one. <o:p></o:p>
For more on each type of pronoun, see the glossary entry for that type. <o:p></o:p>
Certain pronouns called possessive pronouns show ownership. Some are used alone; some describe a noun. <o:p></o:p>
Used alone: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, whose <o:p></o:p>
Correct: That computer is hers. <o:p></o:p>
Modify noun: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose <o:p></o:p>
Correct: That is her computer.<o:p></o:p>
Please note that none of the possessive pronouns are spelled with an apostrophe. See Apostrophes with Pronouns for more on this. <o:p></o:p>
Possessive Pronouns with Gerunds <o:p></o:p>
Possessive pronouns are used to describe gerunds. Using the objective case confuses the reader. <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: You winning in spite of the odds inspired us all.
(Ambiguous and awkward. Do you inspire or does the winning inspire?) <o:p></o:p>
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Using Indefinite Pronouns <o:p></o:p>
Indefinite pronouns are words which replace nouns without specifying which noun they replace. <o:p></o:p>
Singular: another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, little, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something <o:p></o:p>
Plural: both, few, many, others, several <o:p></o:p>
Singular or Plural: all, any, more, most, none, some <o:p></o:p>
Singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs or singular personal pronouns. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: Each of the members has one vote.
(The subject, each, is singular. Use has.) <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: One of the girls gave up their seat. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: One of the girls gave up her seat.
(Her refers to one, which is singular.) <o:p></o:p>
Plural indefinite pronouns take plural verbs or plural personal pronouns. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: A few of the justices were voicing their opposition.
(Few is plural, so are were and their.) <o:p></o:p>
For indefinite pronouns that can be singular or plural, it depends on what the indefinite pronoun refers to. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: All of the people clapped their hands.
(All refers to people, which is plural.) <o:p></o:p>
Correct: All of the newspaper was soaked.
(Here all refers to newspaper, which is singular.) <o:p></o:p>
A Gender-Sensitive Case <o:p></o:p>
The pronouns ending with -body or -one such as anybody, somebody, no one, or anyone are singular. So are pronouns like each and every. Words like all or some may be singular. That means that a possessive pronoun referring to these singular words must also be singular. In standard written English the possessive pronoun his is used to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun unless the group referred to is known to be all female. <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: Is everyone happy with their gift? <o:p></o:p>
Correct: Is everyone happy with his gift?
(Is and everyone are singular. The possessive pronoun must be singular, too) <o:p></o:p>
Most languages, including English, observe the standard of using the masculine pronoun in situations like this. However, in some circles today the idea of choosing the masculine pronoun sounds discriminatory against women. If this usage bothers you, or if you think it may bother your audience, there are two possible ways to work around this and still use standard English. <o:p></o:p>
1. Use the phrase his or her. It is a little awkward, but OK. <o:p></o:p>
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2. Rewrite the sentence using a plural pronoun or antecedent. Plural personal pronouns in English no longer distinguish between masculine and feminine. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: Are all the people happy with their gifts?<o:p></o:p>
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Intensive Pronoun <o:p></o:p>
An intensive pronoun re-emphasizes a noun or pronoun by taking the place of its antecedent to avoid repeating the same word. <o:p></o:p>
In English intensive pronouns are formed just like reflexive pronouns--by adding -self or -selves to the root pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: We did it all by ourselves. <o:p></o:p>
The admiral himself inspected the boat. <o:p></o:p>
The only intensive pronouns in modern English are the following: <o:p></o:p>
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.<o:p></o:p>
The words hisself and theirselves do not exist.<o:p></o:p>
Interrogative Pronoun <o:p></o:p>
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in order to ask a question. <o:p></o:p>
Often it has no antecedent because the antecedent is unknown. That is why the question is being asked! <o:p></o:p>
In modern English there are five interrogative pronouns: <o:p></o:p>
what, which, who, whom, and whose. <o:p></o:p>
Note that all five words may also be used as relative pronouns. A relative pronoun may be found in a question; an interrogative pronoun is found only in a question. <o:p></o:p>
In addition, these pronouns may take the suffixes -ever and -soever. <o:p></o:p>
Examples (interrogative pronoun in italics): What did you say? Who said that? <o:p></o:p>
Possessive Pronouns <o:p></o:p>
Certain pronouns called possessive pronouns show ownership. Some are used alone; some describe a noun. <o:p></o:p>
Used alone: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, whose <o:p></o:p>
Correct: That computer is hers. <o:p></o:p>
Modify noun: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose <o:p></o:p>
Correct: That is her computer.<o:p></o:p>
Please note that none of the possessive pronouns are spelled with an apostrophe. See Apostrophes with Pronouns for more on this. <o:p></o:p>
Possessive Pronouns with Gerunds <o:p></o:p>
Possessive pronouns are used to describe gerunds. Using the objective case confuses the reader. <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: You winning in spite of the odds inspired us all.
(Ambiguous and awkward. Do you inspire or does the winning inspire?)<o:p></o:p>
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Reflexive Pronoun <o:p></o:p>
An reflexive pronoun "reflects" a noun or pronoun by taking the place of its antecedent when the noun or pronoun is doing something to itself. <o:p></o:p>
In English reflexive pronouns are formed just like intensive pronouns--by adding -self or -selves to the root pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: We underrated ourselves before the race. <o:p></o:p>
The cat washed herself carefully with her tongue. <o:p></o:p>
The only reflexive pronouns in modern English are the following: <o:p></o:p>
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. <o:p></o:p>
The words hisself and theirselves do not exist.<o:p></o:p>
Relative Pronoun <o:p></o:p>
A relative pronoun "relates" a subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence. It may be found in adjective and noun clauses. <o:p></o:p>
A relative pronoun is found only in sentences with more than one clause. <o:p></o:p>
In modern English there are five relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, and whose. <o:p></o:p>
All but that can also be interrogative pronouns. That may also be a demonstrative pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
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Pronoms:
Pronoms réfléchis (Reflexive pronouns) 1 NOUVEAU!
Pronoms objects (Object pronouns) 1 NOUVEAU!
Pronoms objects (Object pronouns) 2 NOUVEAU!
Pronoms - Réfléchi ou "Complément"? 1
Pronoms - Réfléchi ou "Complément"? 2
Pronoms Possessifs (POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)1
Pronoms Possessifs (POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)2
Pronoms Personnels (PERSONAL PRONOUNS) 1
Pronoms Personnels (PERSONAL PRONOUNS) 2<o:p></o:p>
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That & What (10)<o:p></o:p>
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Adjective <o:p></o:p>
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An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: The big dog barked loudly.
(The and big modify the noun dog. They are adjectives.) <o:p></o:p>
The dog was big and loud.
(The adjectives The, big, and loud modify the noun dog.) <o:p></o:p>
The dog was a big one.
(The adjective the modifies dog; the adjective big modifies the pronoun one.) <o:p></o:p>
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Adjective Clause <o:p></o:p>
An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. <o:p></o:p>
The italicized clause in the first sentence is an adjective clause because it modifies the noun clause. <o:p></o:p>
Most of the time adjective clauses begin with the relative pronouns that, which, who, whom, or whose. <o:p></o:p>
See also That, Which, and Who. <o:p></o:p>
Cumulative Adjectives <o:p></o:p>
If the paired adjectives fail the two-part test, then no comma is used. This shows that they must remain in a certain order to make sense. These are called cumulative adjectives. <o:p></o:p>
Incorrect: The former, overweight woman told us how she lost fifty-five pounds. <o:p></o:p>
Test for Correctness: The former and overweight woman...
(Makes no sense) <o:p></o:p>
The overweight, former woman...
(A former woman? At best the meaning is changed.) <o:p></o:p>
Clearly, no comma is needed for these cumulative adjectives. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: The former overweight woman told us how she lost fifty-five pounds. <o:p></o:p>
A device to help remember this punctuation rule is to keep in mind a common expression like Christmas tree or fire truck. We say, "green Christmas tree," but not "Christmas green tree." We say, "red fire truck," but not "fire red truck." Such cumulative expressions take no comma. <o:p></o:p>
In some cases, it may be possible to change the first adjective to an adverb if it still makes sense by modifying just the second adjective. This will not work if the adjective must modify both the adjective and noun that follows it. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: The formerly overweight woman told us how she lost fifty-five pounds.<o:p></o:p>
However, that would not work for a sentence like the following: <o:p></o:p>
Correct: The former secret agent had to change her identity.<o:p></o:p>
In a case like this last one, the first adjective is clearly modifying the whole phrase secret agent.<o:p></o:p>
Coordinate Adjectives <o:p></o:p>
If two adjectives modify a noun in the same way, place a comma between the two adjectives. These are called coordinate adjectives. <o:p></o:p>
There is a two-part test for coordinate adjectives: <o:p></o:p>
(1) Can you replace the comma with the word and? <o:p></o:p>
(2) Can you reverse the order of the adjectives and keep the same meaning? <o:p></o:p>
If you can do both, then you have coordinate adjectives. <o:p></o:p>
Correct: Did you read about Macomber's short, happy life? <o:p></o:p>
Test for Correctness: Did you read about Macomber's short and happy life? <o:p></o:p>
Did you read about Macomber's happy, short life? <o:p></o:p>
All three sentences say the same thing, so the adjectives are coordinate adjectives and separated by commas in the original.<o:p></o:p>
EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/liaison.php?liaison=_adjectif_<o:p></o:p>
Adverb <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs generally answer one of four questions: how, when, where, or to what extent. <o:p></o:p>
Adding the suffix -ly to an adjective commonly turns the word into an adverb. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: He ran fast. (how) <o:p></o:p>
He responded immediately. (when) <o:p></o:p>
He put it there. (where) <o:p></o:p>
He became extremely happy. (to what extent, modifies adjective) <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Adverb Clause <o:p></o:p>
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. It answers one of four questions: how, when, where, and why. <o:p></o:p>
An adverb clause always begins with a subordinating conjunction. <o:p></o:p>
An adverb clause is always introduced by a subordinating conjunction. A noun clause and adjective clause sometimes are. <o:p></o:p>
Adverb clause: Before you go, sign the log book. <o:p></o:p>
Noun clause: He asked if he could leave early. <o:p></o:p>
Adjective clause: That is the place where he was last seen. <o:p></o:p>
A subordinating conjunction is always followed by a clause. Many subordinating conjunctions can be other parts of speech. <o:p></o:p>
Adverb:Jill came tumbling after. <o:p></o:p>
Preposition: Jill came tumbling after Jack. <o:p></o:p>
Subordinating Conjunction: Jill came tumbling after Jack had fallen.<o:p></o:p>
EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/liaison.php?liaison=_adverbe_<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Adjectifs/Adverbes:
Adjectif ou Adverbe? 1
Adjectif ou Adverbe? 2
Adjectif ou Adverbe? 3 NOUVEAU!
Ecrivez l'adverbe de l'adjectif 1
Ecrivez l'adverbe de l'adjectif 2
Ecrivez l'adverbe de l'adjectif 3 NOUVEAU!
Adjectifs (La comparaison) 1
Adjectifs (La comparaison) 2
Adjectifs (La comparaison) 3 NOUVEAU!<o:p></o:p>
So, Too & Very (12)<o:p></o:p>
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Prepositions <o:p></o:p>
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Prepositions are words which relate a noun or pronoun (called the object of the preposition) to another word in the sentence. <o:p></o:p>
The preposition and the object of the preposition together with any modifiers of the object is known as a prepositional phrase. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Prepositional Phrase <o:p></o:p>
A prepositional phrase is a phrase beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun. The phrase relates the noun or pronoun to the rest of the sentence. The noun or pronoun being related by the preposition is called the object of the preposition. In this box the prepositional phrases are underlined. The objects of the prepositions are italicized.<o:p></o:p>
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Prepositions <o:p></o:p>
The following is a list of most of the prepositions used in English today. Note that many of the words may also function as other parts of speech. Also note that some prepositions are compound, made up of more than one word. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
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aboard<o:p></o:p> |
beyond <o:p></o:p> |
on account of<o:p></o:p> |
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about <o:p></o:p> |
but <o:p></o:p> |
onto<o:p></o:p> |
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above <o:p></o:p> |
by means of <o:p></o:p> |
on top of<o:p></o:p> |
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according to <o:p></o:p> |
concerning <o:p></o:p> |
opposite<o:p></o:p> |
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across from <o:p></o:p> |
considering <o:p></o:p> |
out<o:p></o:p> |
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across<o:p></o:p> |
despite <o:p></o:p> |
out of<o:p></o:p> |
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after <o:p></o:p> |
down<o:p></o:p> |
outside<o:p></o:p> |
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against<o:p></o:p> |
during <o:p></o:p> |
owing to<o:p></o:p> |
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ahead of <o:p></o:p> |
except¹<o:p></o:p> |
over<o:p></o:p> |
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along <o:p></o:p> |
for <o:p></o:p> |
past<o:p></o:p> |
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alongside <o:p></o:p> |
from<o:p></o:p> |
per<o:p></o:p> |
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along with<o:p></o:p> |
in <o:p></o:p> |
prior to<o:p></o:p> |
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amid <o:p></o:p> |
in addition to <o:p></o:p> |
regarding<o:p></o:p> |
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among <o:p></o:p> |
in back of <o:p></o:p> |
round <o:p></o:p> |
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apart from <o:p></o:p> |
in front of <o:p></o:p> |
since<o:p></o:p> |
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around<o:p></o:p> |
in lieu of <o:p></o:p> |
through<o:p></o:p> |
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aside from<o:p></o:p> |
in place of <o:p></o:p> |
throughout<o:p></o:p> |
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as of <o:p></o:p> |
in regard to² <o:p></o:p> |
till<o:p></o:p> |
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at <o:p></o:p> |
inside <o:p></o:p> |
to<o:p></o:p> |
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atop<o:p></o:p> |
in spite of <o:p></o:p> |
together with <o:p></o:p> |
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barring<o:p></o:p> |
instead of<o:p></o:p> |
toward(s) <o:p></o:p> |
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because of<o:p></o:p> |
into <o:p></o:p> |
under<o:p></o:p> |
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before<o:p></o:p> |
in view of <o:p></o:p> |
underneath<o:p></o:p> |
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behind <o:p></o:p> |
like<o:p></o:p> |
until <o:p></o:p> |
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below <o:p></o:p> |
near <o:p></o:p> |
unto <o:p></o:p> |
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beneath <o:p></o:p> |
nearby <o:p></o:p> |
up <o:p></o:p> |
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beside<o:p></o:p> |
next to<o:p></o:p> |
upon<o:p></o:p> |
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besides <o:p></o:p> |
of<o:p></o:p> |
with <o:p></o:p> |
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between <o:p></o:p> |
off<o:p></o:p> |
within<o:p></o:p> |
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by<o:p></o:p> |
on <o:p></o:p> |
without<o:p></o:p> |
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<xml> </xml>
Notes: ¹Except may be paired with other prepositions.<o:p></o:p>
²"In regards to" is nonstandard; however even "in regard to" is considered by many to be stilted. When in doubt, use "regarding."<o:p></o:p>
A Note on Into vs. In to and Similar Problems <o:p></o:p>
Many words that are prepositions may be adverbs. This can be confusing when the prepostion to follows on or in or when the preposition on follows up. <o:p></o:p>
The words into, onto, and upon followed by an object are prepositions. <o:p></o:p>
The pairs in to, on to, and up on followed by an object are each made up of an adverb followed by a preposition. The meanings and the grammatical relationships are different from when they are single word prepositions. <o:p></o:p>
Examples: He ran in to the building.
(The adverb in modifies ran; to the building tells where he ran in.)<o:p></o:p>
He ran into the building.
(He collided with the building; or, into the building tells us where he ran.)<o:p></o:p>
Up on the housetop, reindeer pause...
(High on top of the house...)<o:p></o:p>
The toy fell upon the ground.
(Here upon refers just to the relative relationship between the toy and the ground, it has nothing to with height. Things seldom fall up...)<o:p></o:p>
The car turned onto Main Street.
(The car turned; onto Main Street tells us where the car turned.)<o:p></o:p>
He turned on to Tchaikovsky.
(The adverb on modifies turn; to Tchaikovsky tells us to whom he turned on.)<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Prépositions - Exercice 1
Prépositions - Exercice 2
Prépositions - Exercice 3
Prépositions - Exercice 4
Prépositions après des adjectifs 1 NOUVEAU!
Prépositions après des adjectifs 2 NOUVEAU!
Prépositions (at, in, on) 1
Prépositions (at, in, on) 2
Prépositions de temps<o:p></o:p>
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Conjunctions <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
Conjunctions are words that join words, phrases, or sentence parts.<o:p></o:p>
In English there are three kinds of conjunctions. <o:p></o:p>
1. Coordinate conjunctions join similar words, phrases, or clauses to each other. In English the main coordinate conjunctions are and, or, for, but, nor, so and yet. <o:p></o:p>
(Note the use of or and and in the last two sentences.) <o:p></o:p>
2. Correlative conjunctions also join similar words, phrases, or clauses, but act in pairs. In modern English the main correlative conjunctions are either/or, neither/nor, both/and, whether/or, not/but and not only/but also. <o:p></o:p>
3. Subordinating conjunctions join a subordinate clause to a main clause. <o:p></o:p>
For a listing see the Glossary entry on Subordinating Conjunctions.<o:p></o:p>
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That (10)<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-3107.php<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-29934.php<o:p></o:p>
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Interjection <o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
An interjection is a word or phrase showing emotion or surprise which has no grammatical relationship to any other words or part of a sentence. <o:p></o:p>
They are often punctuated by exclamation points and are used infrequently. <o:p></o:p>
It is best to avoid the use of them in formal writing other than direct quotations. <o:p></o:p>
In most dictionaries the abbreviation interj. means "interjection." <o:p></o:p>
Examples: Ouch, Hey, Oh my, Wow<o:p></o:p>
Subordinating Conjunction <o:p></o:p>
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. <o:p></o:p>
The following is a list of the most common subordinating conjunctions. <o:p></o:p>
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after<o:p></o:p> |
how <o:p></o:p> |
till ( or 'til)<o:p></o:p> |
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although<o:p></o:p> |
if <o:p></o:p> |
unless<o:p></o:p> |
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as<o:p></o:p> |
inasmuch <o:p></o:p> |
until<o:p></o:p> |
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as if <o:p></o:p> |
in order that<o:p></o:p> |
when<o:p></o:p> |
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as long as <o:p></o:p> |
lest <o:p></o:p> |
whenever<o:p></o:p> |
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as much as <o:p></o:p> |
now that <o:p></o:p> |
where<o:p></o:p> |
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as soon as <o:p></o:p> |
provided (that) <o:p></o:p> |
wherever<o:p></o:p> |
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as though <o:p></o:p> |
since<o:p></o:p> |
while<o:p></o:p> |
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because <o:p></o:p> |
so that<o:p></o:p> |
<o:p></o:p> |
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before <o:p></o:p> |
than<o:p></o:p> |
<o:p></o:p> |
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even if <o:p></o:p> |
that<o:p></o:p> |
<o:p></o:p> |
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even though <o:p></o:p> |
though<o:p></o:p> |
<o:p></o:p> |
<xml> </xml>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-5546.php<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-4194.php<o:p></o:p>
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GRAMMAR SHEETS / http://www.anglaisfacile.com/free/news/pdfg.php<o:p></o:p>
Grammar Practice<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.anglaisfacile.com/cgi2/myexam/liaison.php?liaison=_grammaire_<o:p></o:p>
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Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous 1st Conditional 2nd Conditional 3rd Conditional Mixed Conditionals to be used to/used to Adjective order Adjective + prepositions Adverbs Articles Gerund or Infinitive? Quantifiers Elementary Grammar Books List Intermediate Grammar Books List Advanced Grammar Books List<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.smic.be/smic5022/exercisesgrammar.htm<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.edufind.com/english/englishtests/list_of_english_tests.cfm<o:p></o:p>
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Exercices english to French<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.goethe-verlag.com/tests/EF/EF.HTM<o:p></o:p>
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MORE EXERCICES /<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.anglaisfacile.com/exercices/exercice-anglais-2/exercice-anglais-26053.php<o:p></o:p>
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http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm<o:p></o:p>
http://www.english-test.net/esl/english-grammar-test.html<o:p></o:p>
http://www.world-english.org/<o:p></o:p>
http://www.learnenglish.de/improvepage.htm<o:p></o:p>
http://englishplus.com/grammar/gsdeluxe.htm<o:p></o:p>
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The grammar quizzes http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/index.php<o:p></o:p>
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Exercices débutants http://www.anglaisfacile.com/free/exercices/exercices-anglais-1.php<o:p></o:p>
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